The key concepts of Docker

Here are the key concepts of Docker translated into English:

1. Container: A Docker container is a lightweight, executable, standalone unit that includes everything needed to run an application: code, libraries, dependencies, and runtime environment. Containers are isolated from each other but share the same operating system kernel.
2. Docker Image: An image is a read-only template used to create containers. It contains the instructions and files required to run an application. Images are built from files called Dockerfile.
3. Dockerfile: This is a text file containing a series of instructions that define the configuration of a Docker image. For example, it specifies dependencies, environment variables, and commands to execute when building the image.
4. Docker Hub: Docker Hub is a public and private registry service that allows storing and sharing Docker images. It provides official images as well as images created by other users.
5. Volume: A Docker volume is a mechanism for storing persistent data used or generated by containers. Unlike containers, volumes are not deleted when the container is removed. They are commonly used for databases and configuration files.
6. Docker Networks: Docker allows creating networks to enable communication between containers. Networks can be configured to isolate containers or allow secure communication between them.
7. Docker Compose: Docker Compose is a tool used to define and manage multi-container applications. Using a YAML file (docker-compose.yml), you can specify services, volumes, and networks required for running an application composed of multiple containers.
8. Docker Swarm: Docker Swarm is an orchestration tool for managing multiple Docker hosts and running containers on those hosts as part of a cluster. It allows you to define services, deploy scalable applications, and handle failures.
9. Docker Engine: The Docker Engine is the core part of Docker responsible for creating, running, and managing containers. It consists of two components: the Docker Daemon (which runs containers) and the Docker CLI (the command-line interface used to interact with Docker).
10. Docker Registry: A registry is a storage and distribution system for Docker images. Docker Hub is an example of a public registry, but it is also possible to set up a private registry.

These concepts are fundamental for working with Docker, whether for development, deployment, or container orchestration.